Adverb
An Adverb adds something to the meaning of any part
of speech except a Noun or a Pronoun.
Kinds
Adverb of manner: quickly, happily, well, hard, fast
Adverb of
place: here, there,
up, soon, yet, still, today
Adverb of
time: late, ago,
now, soon, yet, still, today
Adverb of
frequency: often, twice,
always, never seldom
Adverb of
certainty: surely,
definitely, certainly
Adverb of
degree: very, fairly,
rather, too
The
interrogative Adverb: when, why,
where?
The relative
Adverb: when, where,
why-pas, how, while, when, whereas, whereby
Function of Adverb
Adjective is a word which modifies or adds to the meaning of a noun. Likewise the function of Adverb is to modify or add to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples
·
Drive
carefully
·
Run
slowly
·
Eat
quickly
In each of these examples an adverb is modifying a verb.
·
Some
drivers are very careful.
·
The
weather is extremely cold.
·
Kalsoom
is too clever.
In these examples adverbs modify adjectives.
·
Driver
especially carefully on wet roads.
·
Walk
very slowly on slippery places.
·
Shahida
reads quickly.
In these examples adverbs modify adverbs.
Position in the Sentence
Some adverbs can be placed in different positions within a sentence.
Examples
Quietly the audience rose and left.
The
audience quietly rose and left.
The
audience rose and quietly left.
The
audience rose and left quietly.
But usually an adverb is used near the verb, adjective or adverb. It is qualifying otherwise. It may change the sense of the sentence.
Example
She often says she reads
She says she often reads
First sentence means she often says that she reads but second sentence means ‘she often reads’.
Signal Words
A wore like very, quite or rather may signal that an adjective or an adverb follow. Such adverbs unlike other adverbs do not move freely in the sentence pattern.
They are placed in front
of the words they modify.
Example
Very happy, quite intelligent, rather boring.
Ending
Many adverbs are formed by adding ‘ly’ to adjectives,
Example
Calm Calmly
Clever Cleverly
Hopeful Hopefully
Brave Bravely
But many adjectives also end in ‘ly’ as the early train, friendly person, untimely death, lovely flower, lonely girl.
So in order to identify a word as an adverb, do not depend
entirely upon the ending. Take care that the word qualifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb. Whereas adjectives always qualify a noun or a
pronoun.